There are some cooking related conversions and measurements that I find particularly useful when I cook.
Common Abbreviations
Cup = C
Tablespoon = Tbsp
Teaspoon = tsp
Grams = g
Ounce = oz
Pound = lb
Equivalents
1 C = 16 Tbsp = 8 fluid oz
1 pint = 2 C
1 quart = 4 C
1 gallon = 4 quart
1 fluid oz = 2 Tbsp
1 Tbsp = 3 tsp
1 pinch = less than 1/8 tsp
American to Metric
1 C = 237 ml
1 Tbsp = 15 ml
1 lb = 454 g
1 oz = 28.3 g
Oven Temperatures
275°F = 140°C = gas mark 1
300°F = 150°C = gas mark 2
325°F = 165°C = gas mark 3
350°F = 175°C = gas mark 4
375°F = 190°C = gas mark 5
400°F = 205°C = gas mark 6
425°F = 220°C = gas mark 7
450°F = 230°C = gas mark 8
475°F = 245°C = gas mark 9
500°F = 260°C
Frequently Used Ingredients
Allium
1 medium onion = 1 C chopped
1 small garlic clove = 1/2 tsp minced
1 small shallot = 1 1/2 - 2 Tbsp minced
Cheese
1 C crumbled cheese (blue, feta, goat cheese) = 4 oz
1 C shredded soft cheese (cheddar, mozzerella) = 4 oz.
1 C grated hard cheese (parmesan) = 2 oz.
Dry
1 C all purpose (AP) flour* = about 5 oz.
1 C cake flour = about 4 oz.
1 C bread/whole wheat flour = about 5 1/2 oz.
1 C sifted AP flour = about 4 oz.
1 C sifted cake flour = about 3 oz.
*note: 1 C flour, sifted: measure then sift; 1 C sifted flour: sift then measure
1 C cornmeal = 5 oz.
1 C granulated sugar = 7 oz = 200 g
1 C powder sugar = 3 1/2 oz = 100 g
1 C brown sugar (packed) = 7 oz = 200 g
1 C cocoa powder = 3 oz.
Other
1 stick butter = 1/2 C = 8 Tbsp
1 packet yeast = 2 1/4 tsp = 1/4 oz = 7 g
1 C egg = 5 whole eggs, 12 - 14 yolk, 8 to 10 whites
1 C fresh breadcrumbs = 2 slices of bread
1 serving pasta = 4 oz
Substitutions
1 C sifted cake flour = 1 cup minus 2 Tbsp sifted AP flour
1 C sifted AP flour = 1 cup + 2 Tbsp sifted cake flour
1 tsp baking powder = 1/4 tsp baking soda + 1/2 tsp cream of tartar
see more substitutions at The Cook's Thesaurus.
